Vomiting in Dogs

Overview: 

Vomiting is a common complaint seen in dogs. Also known as emesis is defined as ejecting the contents of the stomach through the mouth.   

Regurgitating is often diagnosed as vomiting.  Food which is regurgitated comes from the esophageus shortly after it has been consumed & contains non-digested food. Regurgitating does not involve heaving prior to expulsion, nor will it contain digested food or bile which is often seen with true vomiting.

Vomiting is the forceful ejection of food from the stomach & upper intestine. The dog salivates, appears to attempt to swallow, wretches, abdominal muscle contractions can be seen & the dog will retch, make a gagging sound & produce vomit. Vomit will often contain bile, blood & mucus. 

What are the causes of vomiting in dogs?

Some causes of vomiting include;  

Food/Diet Related:

• Eating too fast

• Rapid change in the diet. If you are going to switch brands or type of food, gradually introduce the new type over a few days

• Eating inappropriate foods such as old or mouldy food, food inappropriate for dogs etc. 

• Food allergies

• Food intolerance

• Foreign object. Bones, wool etc. 

• Ingestion of toxins such as antifreeze, drugs, poisonous plants etc.

Parasites

• Intestinal worms

Miscellaneous

• Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach)

• Heat stroke

• Renal failure

Diseases

• Liver disease

• Pancreatitis

• Ulcers

• Intestinal lymphoma

• Inflammatory Bowel Disease

• Lymphosarcoma

Endocrinopathies

• Hyperthyroidism

• Diabetes Mellitus

Infections

• Salmonellosis

• Giardia

• Coccidiosis

When should my dog be taken to a veterinarian?

An isolated incident of vomiting where the dog shows no other signs of illness is not uncommon & generally doesn't necessitate a trip to the vet. 

You should seek veterinary attention if; 

• If your pet vomits repeatedly

• Also has diarrhea

• If the vomit is foul smelling

• If your dog acts lethargic

• If your dog has ingested a poison or toxin

• If the vomit contains blood

• If the dog appears listless & unwell

• If the abdomen is bloated 

If possible, when you take your dog to the veterinarian, bring along a sample of the vomit too. This will assist the vet to determine the underlying cause of the vomiting.

How is vomiting diagnosed & treated?

Your veterinarian will perform a complete physical examination of your dog & obtain a medical history including possible exposure to toxins. 

Being able to assess the vomiting will assist your veterinarian. He may ask about the type of vomiting your dog has been experiencing such as:

Repeated vomiting, sporadic vomiting, vomiting blood, fecal vomiting, projectile vomiting, vomiting foreign objects (pieces of cloth etc) or motion sickness.

He will wish to perform some tests, some of which may include; 

• Complete blood count

• Biochemical profile

• Urinalysis

• Fecal flotation to evaluate for parasites

• Total T4 may be performed on an older dog to evaluate for hyperthyroidism

• Abdominal X-rays or ultrasound to for gastrointestinal obstruction, neoplasia & organ size.

• Heartworm testing.

Please note:

The medical articles on this site have not been written by a veterinarian & should not be considered a replacement for a veterinarian visit. The articles are provided for informative purposes only.

Always seek immediate veterinary advice for any problems (health or behavioral) in your pets. 

While great care has been made in the creation of these articles, we cannot guarantee the accuracy or omissions on these pages. If in any doubt whatsoever, seek professional medical advice.