Gingivitis in Dogs

What is gingivitis?

Gingivitis is a general term for inflammation of the gums (gingiva). It may be localised to one tooth, or may be widespread affecting numerous teeth.

Gingivitis is the mildest form of periodontal disease. Infection and inflammation spreads from the gums to the ligaments and bone that support the teeth. Left untreated, loss of support causes the teeth to become loose and eventually fall out.

Unhealthy teeth & gums have greater impact on the body than just causing bad breath, pain & infection. As the gums have a rich blood supply, bacteria is readily transported to other organs(such as the liver, kidneys etc.) in the body causing damage & even organ failure. 

What causes gingivitis?

Dental disease: Gingivitis is caused by a build up of plaque (bacteria & food debris). In the early stages plaque forms on the teeth. Plaque which isn't removed from the teeth hardens & becomes tarter (also known as calculus). Tartar is yellow in colour & is seen along along the gum, where it meets the teeth.

What are the symptoms?

• Bad breath (halitosis) 

• Drooling

• Red or swollen gums, especially along the gum line. 

• Gums which bleed easily, especially when touched

• Receding gumline

• Difficulty & or reluctance to eat

How is it diagnosed?

Your veterinarian will perform an examination of your dog's mouth for signs of gingivitis such as a build up of tartar, red & inflamed gums, bad breath. 

Full mouth x-rays may be recommended to determine the extent of the disease. 

How is it treated?

This depends on how far advanced the gingivitis is. Early cases of gingivitis which haven't progressed far may possibly be treated at home with regular dental cleaning. Some treatments your vet may perform include: 

• Descaling to remove tartar build up

Dogs are expert at masking discomfort & pain & many pet owners may not notice that their dog has a problem. This is another important reason why regular, annual check ups with the veterinarian are so important. Even if you believe your dog is in good health, a thorough physical may uncover a problem in the early stages. If addressed immediately, gingivitis is reversible, if it is left to progress to periodontal disease, damage is irreversible.

How is it prevented?

There are several ways to prevent gingivitis. The key is to prevent tartar build up in the first place. 

• Regularly brushing your dog's teeth. This will need to be done with a special 'dog' toothbrush & toothpaste. Never use human toothpaste on animals. 

• You can purchase special diets which are designed to  reduce plaque & tartar formation. One such food is Hills T/D which can be purchased through your veterinarian. 

• Feed rawhide & or bones. The best bones for your dog are softer ones such as knucklebones & large marrow bones.

Summary: 

Any case of gingivitis be it mild or severe requires veterinary attention.