Chocolate Poisoning in Dogs

Chocolate contains naturally occurring methylxanthines caffeine & theobromine. The concentration of theobromine is much higher than that of caffeine, but both cause toxicity in dogs (and cats).

Dogs are generally more susceptible than cats, no doubt because they are more likely to consume large quantities of chocolate, whereas cats are generally more finicky eaters & therefore less likely to voluntarily consume chocolate, especially in large quantities. 

Different kinds of chocolate contain different levels. Cooking chocolate contains the highest levels of methylxanthines, followed by dark chocolate, milk chocolate & white chocolate. 

If you suspect or know your pet has ingested chocolate seek veterinary advice immediately. 

What does methylxanthines do?

• It acts as a diuretic, causing the body to lose fluids.

• Cardiac stimulant; causing the heart to race. 

• Central nervous system stimulant; 

Methylxanthines cause central nervous system stimulation, diureses, cardiac muscle stimulation & smooth muscle relaxation. 

What are the symptoms?

Symptoms vary on the age of the dog (puppies are more susceptible than adults), and the quantity ingested. If enough is ingested, death can occur. The first signs of methylxanthine poisoning can include:  

• Vomiting & diarrhea. 

• Hyperactivity.

• Restlessness.

• Frequent urination & or urinary incontinence. 

These can progress to more severe symptoms including: 

• Cardiac dysfunction.

• Muscle tremors.

• Seizures.

• Coma.

• Death.

How is methylxanthine poisoning diagnosed?

Diagnosis is based on history of exposure, physical symptoms, chemical detection of alkaloids in the stomach contents, serum or urine. 

How is it treated?

Depending on the severity of the poisoning, your veterinarian will control clinical signs. There is no antidote for methylxanthine poisoning. These may include: 

• If ingestion of chocolate has been within 2 hours, your veterinarian may induce vomiting in the dog, including administering activated charcoal to prevent any further amounts of methylxanthine being absorbed. 

• Intubation & artificial ventilation.

• Medications to control tremors & seizures. 

• Cardiac monitoring (ECG)

Please note:

The medical articles on this site have not been written by a veterinarian & should not be considered a replacement for a veterinarian visit. The articles are provided for informative purposes only.

Always seek immediate veterinary advice for any problems (health or behavioral) in your pets. 

While great care has been made in the creation of these articles, we cannot guarantee the accuracy or omissions on these pages. If in any doubt whatsoever, seek professional medical advice.